Aportes del modelo de Asociación Público Privada (APP) al desarrollo de la infraestructura vial, la tecnificación del sector de transporte, el crecimiento económico y la convergencia regional de Colombia

Abstract

The most visible footprint of Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) for roads in Colombia is the 2,927 kilometers of new national roads constructed between 1990 and 2023, of which 72% (2,110 km) corresponds to dual carriageways. Additionally, 72 tunnels and 1,194 bridges and viaducts have been built, most of which would not have been possible without private innovation. Furthermore, the concessionaires of the National Infrastructure Agency (ANI) are responsible for nearly 9,300 kilometers, which include the operation and maintenance of already constructed roads.

The most visible footprint of Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) for roads in Colombia is the 2,927 kilometers of new national roads constructed between 1990 and 2023, of which 72% (2,110 km) corresponds to dual carriageways. Additionally, 72 tunnels and 1,194 bridges and viaducts have been built, most of which would not have been possible without private innovation. Furthermore, the concessionaires of the National Infrastructure Agency (ANI) are responsible for nearly 9,300 kilometers, which include the operation and maintenance of already constructed roads. These contributions to the development and operation of road transport with international standards have been made possible thanks to the evolution of public institutions and the contributions from engineering firms, investors, and financiers who have jointly created an enabling environment. Between 2012 and 2024, the PPP model has mobilized a total accumulated value of private financing amounting to $\$$70.05 trillion in CAPEX and $71.24 trillion in OPEX (2023 values). Of the total mobilized, 78% has already been executed. This amount significantly exceeds what has been appropriated for future project budgets and what has been paid to concessionaires (42% of what was executed). The mentioned contributions have a direct impact on national connectivity and competitiveness. With an appropriate allocation of risks, good financial structuring, and efficient project execution, the higher cost of private capital is compensated. Moreover, concession projects are constructed in shorter timeframes than public works projects, with the primary impact of concessions extending throughout the country's road network, relatively independent of the departments where they are built and operated.