Políticas para la inclusión social y productiva

Abstract

The main challenge for social policy in the coming years will be to continue reducing poverty with limited fiscal resources and in the presence of structural constraints on productive inclusion. Regarding the targeting of social programs, deficiencies persist in the allocation of public spending, as more than 30% of the resources allocated to social transfers in 2024 were directed to non-poor households. Additionally, poverty is concentrated among the unemployed and informal workers, who exhibit poverty rates of 47% and 34%, compared with 6.1% among formal workers, underscoring the need for labor policies that strengthen formal employment as a key instrument for poverty reduction.

To address these challenges, the proposal for social inclusion centers on consolidating a single monetary transfer for individuals under 65 living in extreme poverty, financed with resources currently allocated to existing social programs and complemented by the implementation of the Solidarity Pillar. This measure would benefit nearly 9 million people and reduce extreme poverty by approximately 1.5 percentage points. The proposal also emphasizes the role of labor policy as a complement to social policy, especially for population groups with the highest incidence of poverty. In this regard, it includes the adoption of progressive marginal rates for health contributions and the expansion of the option to make pension contributions on a weekly basis. It further recommends establishing an unemployment insurance scheme and advancing toward a differentiated labor framework for the rural sector. In addition, it suggests extending the regulatory framework initially designed for digital delivery platforms to other activities that manage human resources, explicitly incorporating rural workers. Finally, it calls for the development of a public productivity infrastructure that provides basic business services and a system for certifying labor competencies.